Organizational Character and Leadership Development

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The news is filled with the exploits of more than a few examples of dishonesty and greed, leaders who purposefully worked in their own behalf, rather than from a sense of responsibility for institutional integrity. We know the list and it keeps getting bigger.

For the last 50 years it has not been fashionable to talk about moral development, yet the subject of moral development is all about being a grown up. Our children and the youngest workers among us learn from watching and experiencing what it looks like to get ahead and what is permissible, indeed what is expected. The world needs more “grown ups.”

Becoming a grown up does not happen all at once, indeed there are lots of people that it never happens to, and at best, it is a life time endeavor. There seem to be a series of moral plateaus or stages. In a sense, each of the major stages represents a point in time and space at which a person has stopped in their developmental process. A stage represents the way a person looks at and copes with the world. Each stage or ego level is characterized by distinct emotional preoccupations, cognitive styles, and manners of behaving towards others. (J. Loevinger, Ego Development. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1976)

1. The Impulsive

The impulsive/controlling character does not recognize rules or see an action as bad only if they get punished for it. The impulsive is always treating people as a means to an end and they have a mindset that is simple and dichotomous, concrete and egocentric.

2. The Self -Protective

These people know the rules but obey them only when it is to their advantage. This is a person of expediency, it is bad if they get caught, and then they blame others. These people are manipulative, distrusting and opportunistic. These folks play a zero sum game and they have a mindset as self-centered as the impulsive.

3. The Conformist

These people have internalized the rules, and obey them without question. These folks are all concerned with the “shoulds” and they feel shame at consequences. For the first time the idea of reciprocity and trust emerges. They want to belong to an in-group and they distrust others. These people think stereotypically and have little need or capacity for introspection.

4. The Conscious

They operate from self-evaluated standards. They tend to feel guilt at consequences. They have a sense of responsibility and mutual obligation and can communicate differentiated expressions of feeling. They are conceptually complex with a sense of consequences and priorities. They understand contingencies and sees alternatives. They also see themselves in the context of a community & society.

5. The Autonomous

These folks build on the insights and skills of the Conscious; they have in addition, a sense that behavior is an expression of moral principles. They want autonomy in relationships and they are a catalyst in helping others. They are tolerant, respectful of others; they can see paradox and live with uncertainty.

6. The Integrated

They have all of the characteristics of the conscious and the autonomous, plus they can truly reconcile their inner conflicts with external demands. They can renounce the unattainable and they cherish individuality and justice. These folks have an integrated sense of their own identity and a sense of themselves as a part of the flow of the human condition.

It is not hard to look around and see that our organizations are filled with people at all these various plateaus. In fact I think it is fair to say in our systems-based world; that people at all of these plateaus create our organizations, and at the same time our organization reinforce people on all of their various plateaus. I am sure we have all seen groups operate from these various stages, or plateaus. We can observe groups operating at various stages of moral development in their assumptions and behaviors. Some organizations are just more highly evolved than others.

Consciousness is the entry-level to being a mature grown up and it is the gateway to becoming a more mature group. The conscious operate from a self-evaluated set of standards. They know they have choice and they feel a sense of responsibility both to themselves and others. At the same time they understand different viewpoints and options in a social context.

Isn’t this what practitioners of organization development are trying to help organizations do? To build into people’s muscles the capacity to examine reality and make conscious choices. That’s what organization effectiveness is all about as a field of study and practice.

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For more resources, see the Library topics Consulting and Organizational Development.

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Jim Smith has over 40 years of organization development experience in a wide range of organizations. He can be reached at ChangeAgents@gmail.com

Passion in the Boardroom

Business professionals in a boardroom meeting

Many directors of Government owned enterprises take up the role because they want to have an effect on the organisation and, through the organisation, on the society they live in and will bequeath to their children. Indeed, they are frequently appointed because the shareholder sees their passion for effecting change in that way and feels that it would add value to the board.

Even directors who do not profess a burning sense of mission will admit to a deep sense of responsibility for organisational and societal outcomes. In all my conversations with directors of government owned enterprises I have never found one who was there purely for the money. This is hardly surprising as the organisations themselves, whilst expected to operate efficiently and, in many cases, to generate profits that provide taxation and dividend income to the shareholder, are not constituted for financial reasons alone.

Regardless of what the passion is, whether it is conservation of the environment, empowerment of employees, preservation of heritage, education of youth or care for the needy, it must be controlled and focused by the boardroom processes to achieve its true expression in organisational results and societal or environmental impact.

Traction or Friction?

Unfortunately for many directors, this is where the rubber hits the road and it all comes to a screeching halt. So many things conspire to turn the desired traction into frustrating friction. In addition, although there is sometimes education available for new directors on legal, financial and procedural matters there is very little guidance on how to constructively live their passion and positively effect change through the organisation. Think about it: when was the last time that you received practical instructions on how to broach difficult topics with unsympathetic people and then continue to have a high performing relationship with them after you have done so?

In addition to uncertainty about how to bring their passion to bear on the processes and outcomes, there are many other things that act as distractions: finances to analyse, planning and budgeting cycles, technology roll outs, training programs, recruitment or retrenchment activity, regular reports to the shareholder, requests from the shareholder for information or policy advice, and pressure to stick to the accepted agenda and processes that, ostensibly, satisfy the other board members.

Many directors are overwhelmed by this activity and, when it is exacerbated by the self protection of the status quo, they simply give up, or wait for an opportune moment to unleash their passion. It is a moment which never seems to arrive. They are frequently good directors, diligent and dedicated, but they somehow feel that they are not really achieving all that they could or should. Sometimes the shareholder feels the same way and, after a term or two as a director, they are not reappointed, but are quietly replaced and, as nobody ever knew for sure what the director’s passion was, nobody is ever sure just how valuable an opportunity might have been missed.

Other directors strive to have the effect they want but find all their efforts are ineffective and, worse, some are counterproductive and cost them the relationships that they need as political capital to pursue their aims. They become branded as troublesome, impractical, or even unethical. They are seldom reappointed and, again, valuable opportunities to incorporate their thoughts into the board’s machinations are lost.

Only directors who can apply their passion in a board-appropriate manner will successfully manage to influence events and corporations.Few directors receive any training in how to do this.

What do you think?

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Julie Garland-McLellan has been internationally acclaimed as a leading expert on board governance. See her website and LinkedIn profiles, and get her book Dilemmas, Dilemmas: Practical Case Studies for Company Directors.

The Social Graph

Man looking at a graph

Behavioral targeting and the next wave of advertising

What’s the Social Graph? According to Wikipedia, “The social graph is a term coined by Mark Zuckerberg of Facebook, which originally referred to the social network of relationships between users of the social networking service provided by Facebook. It has been described as ‘the global mapping of everybody and how they’re related’”. WOW.

The social graph is digital, versus a social network, which is human relationship. “It’s a small world” applies to these concepts. In social networks, we are all connected to each other, as in the Six Degrees of Separation wherein we can reach anyone via six connections, because dense clusters create shortcuts.

Leverage the Social Graph

LinkedIn CEO Jeff Weiner recently claimed that leveraging the social graph is the key to the future success of online marketing.

In the last few years, advertisers learned to use information on an individual’s web-browsing and search behavior as the basis for selecting ads to display to that individual. That concept also extended to profile information on social networks. For example, have you noticed that on Facebook, display ads incorporating your age regularly show up on the right side of your wall? They’ve used your birth date to more narrowly target you, the consumer.

The social graph is the next wave of data and behavior mining. And display advertising will leverage the greater depth of social graph information.

Marketers’ target audiences grow exponentially

Word-of-mouth advertising is now on steroids. Social data tells us quite complex stories about consumers’ preferences. Now marketers have the power to reach the extended pool of an individual’s like-minded network.

If display advertisers use techniques effectively – offering highly relevant, interactive, and informative ads that engage a consumer – they will tell their social network, click through, and build relationship.

Display advertising projections

According to Google, “By 2015, the online display market will be a $50 billion dollar business. Half of online ads will feature video, and 75 percent will contain some sort of social element.”

Have you considered highly-targeted online display ads in your marketing plan? Tell us how.

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For more resources, see our Library topics Marketing and Social Networking.

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ABOUT Lisa M. Chapman:

Ms. Chapman’s new book, How to Make Money Online With Social Media: A Step-by-Step Guide for Entrepreneurs will be available very soon. With offices in Nashville Tennessee, but working virtually with international clients, Lisa M. Chapman serves her clients as a business and marketing coach, business planning consultant and social media consultant. As a Founder of iBrand Masters, a social media consulting firm, Lisa Chapman helps clients to establish and enhance their online brand, attract their target market, engage them in meaningful social media conversations, and convert online traffic into revenues. Email: Lisa @ LisaChapman.com

8 Quick Tips to Ensure Action Plans are Carried Out.

Bunch of stickers pinned to a brown surface

Business Improvement initiatives rely heavily on Action Plans to define important tasks for implementation. This charts the the way forward by crucially defining who does what, and by when.

Failure to pay due care in compiling an Action Plan can seriously affect the quality of your efforts and output, denting any chances of your improvement idea ever taking off.

Done correctly however, Action Plans can be an effective weapon of mass improvements.

How To Make Good Action Plans, Great.

  1. It’s a good idea to split your Action Plan into 2 sections, one for “Short Term” (to be done within the week in question) and another for “Long term” (more than a week required to complete the action). This will make it clear what needs to happen immediately.
  2. Actions should be documented and targeted at the intended audience as if they were not present when the action was assigned. This will ensure the correct context of the action is provided and help avoid the “What was this all about?” type of question further down the road.
  3. Endeavour to send out the Action Plan as soon as possible, preferably on the day the Actions are assigned.
  4. Start with the most important Actions, by using the pain vs. gain prioritisation technique. Actions with a higher business impact and requiring lesser effort being the highest ranked.
  5. Group related actions together and if necessary create categories to form clusters of related actionable efforts.
  6. If you do use a meeting room, consider using a whiteboard demarcated as your Action plan template. At the end of the meeting, simply take a digital photo of the completed whiteboard and email it to all assigned action owners. No double handling, no typing, no waste – typical Continuous Improvement!
  7. Always start the actual action statement with a verb. A verb is called an “action word” for a reason! This makes it clear from the onset exactly what needs to be done.
  8. Assign a unique number for each Action. This will make it so much easier during discussions and meetings. If you refer to Action # 24, everyone immediately knows which one is referred to as opposed to explaining the action or reading it out – saves you a bit of time.

How do you make your actions happen ?

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For more resources, see our Library topic Quality Management.
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About Brian Venge

I’m a self-confessed coffee addict, technology geek and business improvement strategist. At the time of writing I am 42 years old. Even I’m astounded to realise 21 years, (or half of my life) has been spent working in the incredible world of Value Creation or more specifically Continuous Improvement, doing something I truly understand and enjoy.

My career was built around 4 multinational companies involved in manufacturing and service related industries (Nestle, Unilever, Vodafone and Crown Cork). In conducting several high profile CI projects across 5 continents and 12 countries, I discovered there is one universal translation to Continuous Improvement and it’s called Value Creation.

I’m the author of a DIY Business Improvement eBook,Pimp Your Biz – The Complete Guide to Improving Your Business Under Any Circumstances”

Follow me on Twitter


Don’t cancel Christmas – do some team building

Merry-Christmas-sign

The recession may be officially but do managers appreciate that Christmas needn’t be cancelled again this year?

Be creative this Christmas
Be creative this Christmas

Boozy parties are probably not the best way to mark the end of a tough year but that doesn’t mean there’s not value in gathering everyone together.

As we enter an era when return on investment is at the forefront of our minds the annual celebration needs to deliver more than just a few laughs and sore heads the next day.

So, while everyone is together in celabratory mood here are a few suggestions that will turn a turkey dinner into a turning point: Continue reading “Don’t cancel Christmas – do some team building”

Capital Campaigns #13: Campaign Publicity

NPO using newspaper as a publicity campaign medium.

Publicity is an important part of any extended campaign … serving many purposes.
• Multiple opportunities to tell how the Project
  will benefit the community
• Public recognition to the Institutional and
  Campaign Leaders, and selected donors
• Creating and maintaining community
  enthusiasm

There must, however, be specific conditions and a strict timetable for the release of information.

If a goal is not reached, if the campaign fails, then the message everybody gets is that the NPO’s leadership does not have its act together and that people probably shouldn’t trust them with their money. The whole point, therefore, of not announcing or suggesting a campaign is to avoid a public failure.

If you have a significant percentage of the goal already committed and you KNOW (not hope) where the rest is coming from, then it’s safe to make “announcements,” but not before then.

Most publicity that a Campaign gets will be “old news,” but it will be the first time the public gets to hear it.

The official announcement (first press release) is about the person who has volunteered to Chair the Campaign and who has made a significant (pace-setting) commitment. That release, and most subsequent publicity, will also include some stock wording about the Project the Campaign will fund … why the community needs that Project, or how the community will benefit.

Keep in mind, this is the first “announcement” of any kind to be made regarding the Campaign. No mention is made at this point of how much has been raised. The impression to be created is that the process of assembling the leadership is only just beginning, and the only mention of dollars is about The Goal.

Statements of total dollars raised or the posting of a “campaign thermometer,” are not made until well into the Public Phase.

Publicity, for the most part, focuses on people … the leaders, the work they’re doing to ensure Campaign success, what they’ve accomplished so far, and (as appropriate – and with their permission) the actual commitment they’ve made toward the Campaign Goal.

The next series of announcements, one-at-a-time and at the appropriate time, are about the people who have volunteered to lead various Divisions, how all of the Board Members have made commitments … totaling $XXXXX, and how successful each of the Divisions has been, dollar-wise.

All of that publicity spread out over the Public Phase of the Campaign, maintains enthusiasm and begins to give recognition to the Campaign leadership and some of the major donors who got the Campaign off to a running start.

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Have a comment or a question about starting or expanding your basic fundraising program, your major gifts fundraising program or a capital campaign? Email me at AskHank@Major-Capital-Giving.com. With over 30 years of counseling in major gifts, capital campaigns, bequest programs and the planning studies to precede these three, we’ll likely be able to answer your questions.

Icebreakers – The Who, What, When and When Not to Do Them

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Personally, I have never liked icebreakers. Just ask anyone you know who doesn’t like them and you’ll probably find an introvert. That’s me, too, an introvert. I derive my energy from quiet time alone, but my job is as a trainer. Focusing on my job and others is different from focusing on myself. So, as a trainer I use icebreakers when I have to, and there are times it is necessary.

When is that exactly? When you need to bring everyone’s energy to same level.

To do so will affect a similar level of learning. There are probably a multitude of other factors that exist that make this as an imprecise gauge (I did say “similar”), but when has teaching or training anyone been an exact science? If there are different ways that work best for us to learn as individuals, why not use the different ways we use to gain energy?

So, why icebreakers? Because there are those who will benefit from them: the extroverts, in particular–those who derive their energy from having others around them rather than reading a book or seeing a film. The icebreaker will bring them to a comfortable place, and, if we’re lucky, they may have gained some enthusiasm from their interaction with the others for the training ahead.

Icebreakers are necessary if only to charge a part of the group.

I use an indirect way to charge the part of the group that’s left. Here’s the sneaky part: I use the introverts to control the rest of the group during the icebreakers. I put them in charge and give them a specific job to do. There is no need for “forced” socialization for that group. It wouldn’t take, and that’s not part of the deal. The deal is training, right?

As an introvert myself, I am intimately aware that in a room of strangers and the “forced” socializing imposed by “breaking the ice” is simply added stress to an already anticipated pressure-packed environment. It’s not that introverts don’t like people, they do; it’s just more comfortable and easier to be the lone wolf. Quite frankly they’d rather not be trained by anyone at all.

We know the best learning occurs when our students or trainees least expect it so I like to keep them unaware of when that learning might occur. Seriously, we are preparing our learning environment and that includes the students and trainees themselves. My cadets at the U.S. Air Force Academy illustrated that for me on my first day of teaching. When I entered the room, the lead cadet called the room to attention and said, “Sir, the class is prepared for instruction.” I can live with that attitude for learning.

We don’t usually get that. In the corporate training room, it may appear that way on the surface. In reality, we start with room of opposing magnetic poles, and it is our job to make them stop opposing one another (and us) and focus that magnetism–that energy on learning.

Even a room of people who do the same jobs it is highly likely it will be at the very least a mix of introverts and extroverts. While those outward-looking individuals are more gregarious and seemingly ready to learn, the more inward-looking introverts are happier left alone to their own devices. I know those inward-looking individuals are not going to appreciate the intrusion of an icebreaker function.

So, rather than intrude, I let them intrude. The introverts I have identified or usually have identified themselves to me by the frowns on their faces become my helpers and thinkers, what they like doing best–use their own devices, and leave those who want to participate to be led by those who don’t. We’ve all done this before probably without thinking much about it. For example, when we let our class nemesis lead the class and thereby gained an ally.

Everyone is charged and happy. I’m ready to train. Are you?

For more resources about training, see the Training library.

For a look at the human side of training from my Cave Man perspective, please check out my book, The Cave Man Guide to Training and Development. Cave Man II and III are coming soon,

Crisis Management & Customer Service

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Strong customer service creates valuable crisis management opportunities

In an article from my most recent Crisis Manager newsletter, friend and reputation management consultant Jeff Chatterton wrote about the significance of customer service in crisis management and the negative results that quickly come from ignoring said customers. On the heels of that came a posting by my colleague in the UK, Jonathan Hemus, on his Insignia Talks blog, that provided even more proof of this principle. First, the Tweet that inspired his post:

Earlier today BBC presenter Clare Balding posted the following tweet:

Sat next to nice woman who’d been on Qantas flight when engine blew up. She said pilot was amazing. He spent 2 hours talking to passengers afterwards and gave them his mobile number if they had questions or problems. She said Qantas were amazing.

Unless you make the effort to be there for your customers, such helpful word of mouth would never be generated. How do you do it, you ask? Jonathan knows, and goes on to share his insight with readers:

If you want your employees to help protect your reputation in the event of a crisis, the starting point is instilling a customer service culture. Next, you need to empower staff to make decisions and do the right thing in the event of a problem.

Finally, when the crisis breaks you need to brief the frontline – receptionists, call centres, security guards, salespeople – on what’s happened, how they should respond and what to say. This should be an essential part of your crisis communication plan.

Take this approach and your own people can play a big part in protecting your reputation. More than that, supportive words from those directly affected by the incident provide a real opportunity to enhance your reputation. That’s certainly true for Qantas given that Clare Balding’s tweet has now reached 35,000 followers: now that’s positive word of mouth on a huge scale.

While many organizations seek some sort of “secret formula” that will magically produce buckets of goodwill and a torrent of happy Tweets and Facebook postings, the reality is that no such thing exists. These results come from enabling every member of your frontline staff to serve as brand ambassadors and crisis communicators and, obviously, the hard work that these people put into creating and nurturing customer connections.

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For more resources, see the Free Management Library topic: Crisis Management
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[Jonathan Bernstein is president of Bernstein Crisis Management, Inc. , an international crisis management consultancy, and author of Keeping the Wolves at Bay – Media Training.]

Five Steps to Develop Patience

Stacking wooden blocks

I’ve been having technology challenges lately. Nothing tries my patience more than computers and gadgets not working as they ‘should’. I’ve been aware of my patience being tested so want to write about patience as a spiritual practice.

I love the video clip of the comedian who talks about “Everything’s Amazing and Nobody’s Happy”. Check it out on YouTube some time. It definitely helps put things into perspective. Or as Richard Carlson reminded us – “Don’t Sweat the Small Stuff- It’s all Small Stuff.”

I know that the things I get impatient with are there to help me learn patience. It’s taken me a while to understand this spiritual lesson. Luckily I’ve seen that it’s better to appreciate, or even bless, those people and situations causing my delays rather than cursing them or getting stressed about them. Remember this if you are traveling this holiday season or attending a family function and you’d rather be some place else.

If patience is a spiritual lesson you feel you need to learn, see if you can practice some of the following ideas in the next few weeks. I’ve noticed that people’s patience tends to get even thinner during the holiday season.

First step….. Breathe deeply. Bring your awareness to your breath and focus on that. Put your mind and attention on your own body and breathe into any parts that are getting tense. Know that you can reduce your stress level simply by breathing deeply and evenly.

Second step… Relax your body. You won’t do yourself or anyone else any favors if you are stressed and angry. Having a relaxed body is helpful for clearing your mind of anger or frustration. If you are really worked up, move your shoulders and neck (or anywhere you may carry tension). Relax your jaw and stretch your face to relax your brow.

Third step… Mentally step into Expansiveness. You are not trapped in this moment. You are part of a vast ocean of possibilities. Once you recognize this, you’ll see many options available. Affirm that you will be able to accomplish your tasks with easefulness and effortlessness. Feel your body and your mind open up to infinite possibilities in the moment. Anything can happen, so stay alert to how you can shift the energy of the situation.

Fourth Step…. Remain conscious that your thoughts now in the present moment shape the next moment that unfolds. As you breathe deeply and affirm expansiveness, you become more expansive. Now you enter into a new moment aware that the Universe is unlimited. You can choose to allow joy, peace, patience and beauty to come to you. See what happens next when you hold these thoughts.

Fifth Step… Remember it’s all small stuff. I have a very mellow cat. I call him the Buddha Buddy. When I get really worked up, I can sometimes remember to ask myself – ‘would the Buddha Buddy care about this?’ Usually not. If Buddha Buddy wouldn’t care, it’s probably small stuff.

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For more resources, see our Library topic Spirituality in the Workplace.

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Linda is an author, speaker, coach, and consultant. Go to her website www.lindajferguson.com to read more about her work, view video clips of her talks, and find out more about her book “Path for Greatness: Spirituality at Work” available on Amazon.

4 Reasons Why Culture is so Important in Your Non-Profit

A nonprofit CEO in his office

The culture in each organization is different and dependent on so many factors. But it is the culture that shapes the internal operations of your organizations. Culture can make or break your organization.

Recently, while working on a white paper about how to shape your organization’s culture, I realized how extremely important culture is to every non-profit achieving their goals and planned outcomes. That white paper will be available shortly through our online store, so watch for it. The reasons why culture is so important are:

  • Overview of entire organization – The culture of an organization is decided by the personalities, policies and procedures of an organization.
  • Internal balance – For an organization to be successful, its culture must have internal balance. That means that the policies, procedures and people involved do not lean too much one way or another, but complement what the goals of the organization are.
  • Defines relationships – An organization’s culture includes how they (the staff) work with clients, other community groups, agencies and funders.
  • Impacts communication – Each organization, depending on its culture, creates its own jargon that is unique to their organization. This means that the way the organization communicates internally and externally is impacted by its culture.

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For more resources, see our Library topic Nonprofit Capacity Building.

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By Ingrid Zacharias, Managing Director, Envisioning the Future International, Email: izacharias@envisioningthefutureintl.ca Website: http://envisioningthefutureintl.ca/