What is a Facebook “Like” Worth? Part 1 of 2

Facebook like button

Update – July 2011 Facebook Fan Value

The internet evolution keeps marketing managers on their toes. Is it really worth it for a brand to spend time and money to strategize and execute a Facebook marketing plan?

The short answer is a resounding Yes!” Facebook Fans are a different kind of customer. The have segmented THEMSELVES – because they self-proclaim their endorsement of your brand, your products, your service, and/or your company – they are VALUABLE. You cannot buy this type of customer.

Treat Facebook Fans Differently

It is enormously important to recognize that these Facebook Fans need to be treated differently. The true benefits lie in the company’s ability to actively engage this customer and provide meaningful value.

Examples include:

  • Provide them links to helpful info – and make them available only on Facebook.
  • Offer personal customer service contacts such as a phone number that is actually answered live, instead of auto-prompts.
  • Tell success stories about individual customers (Facebook Fans) – and post them on Facebook, the company’s homepage, etc. Recognition makes for loyal customers.

Now these Fans have something of value to tell others about, and unwittingly become your Brand Ambassadors! These customers that engage are considered high-value.

But what is the monetary value of a Facebook Fan?

The Average Value of a Facebook Fan

According to EContent Magazine, Syncapse Corp., a Toronto-based social media management software provider, studied and quantified fans’ and nonfans’:

  • Product spending ($71.84)
  • Loyalty to a company ($43.71)
  • Propensity to recommend a company ($13.57)
  • Brand Affinity and Earned Media Value ($6.79)
  • Acquisition cost ($47)

The total value of a customer who is a Facebook Fan is worth the sum of all these: $136.38 more than a customer who is NOT a Facebook Fan.

What is the total value of YOUR Facebook Fanbase?

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For more resources, see our Library topics Marketing and Social Networking.

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ABOUT Lisa M. Chapman:

Ms. Chapman’s new book has a name change! The Net Powered Entrepreneur -A Step-by-Step Guide will be available very soon. With offices in Nashville Tennessee, but working virtually with international clients, Lisa M. Chapman serves her clients as a business and marketing coach, business planning consultant and social media consultant. As a Founder of iBrand Masters, a social media consulting firm, Lisa Chapman helps clients to establish and enhance their online brand, attract their target market, engage them in meaningful social media conversations, and convert online traffic into revenues. Email: Lisa @ LisaChapman.com

Freedoms and Declarations

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Over the weekend I was able to participate in a Shamanic attunement for the earth to help balance the rain, fire, and earth energy. We included this ceremony into a longer program of Freedom and Declarations. I will write more about this ceremony in a post later this month.

For this week, I want to share some thoughts on what we seek freedom from and what we declare for our world and life.

Some of you coming back from vacation or long weekend may want freedom from work. Summer is a good time to take vacations -to vacate from the stresses of work and rejuvenate your life. Time away and time out from work helps you re-charge your battery and so important for sustaining your energy. On the flip side, coming back from vacation can be challenging focusing on work. I know I was pretty tired this morning after a nice weekend of fun with friends and the ceremony we did on Sat.

Others of you may want freedom from a boss or co-worker. They may be getting on your nerves and you just need some time away or a break from their behaviors. Perhaps you want freedom from waking up at 6:00 a.m. most days and want to have extra sleep and silence. Or you want to have freedom from the deadlines that are facing you. You’d prefer to have work flow smoother or with less intensity.

I invite you to go a little deeper now. Do you desire freedom from your self-limiting beliefs, or certain perceptions and attitudes? What fears, grudges or guilt are you ready to give up and release? What no longer serves you? You need to release these to be free from them and only you can release them. If you desire inner peace, joy, or laughter, reflect on what still trips you up or jerks your chain. How can you let go of your attachments or judgments so that you can be free from their tug? Freedom is as much about what you are willing to give up and release as something to protect or obtain.

Once you release those things you desire to be free from, you need to get clear on what you want to fill their place. What declarations do you want to make for your life? Are you ready to declare that you are a balanced, peaceful person, ready to receive abundance, love, joy, and friendships? Can you receive these and more with grace, gratitude and openness?

Hold a vision of what you to declare and bring forth in your life, work or world…….

Declare that it is already being created, in the right perfect timing and in the right perfect way.

I declare now that I am open to receive all that is in my right highest good

I declare now that I am caring and giving to all who can benefit from my gifts and talents

I declare now that I am a living embodiment of compassion, beauty, and grace

I declare now that I will treat others with dignity, respect, and kindness

I declare now that I have all that I need to move forward with strength, optimism and hope

I declare now that I am whole, loving, and happy

Now add whatever freedoms you wish to release and declarations of what you desire to bring forward into the world and your work.

May your week of Freedom and Declarations bring greater joy and wholeness to your life, your work, and your world.

Aho!

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For more resources, see our Library topic Spirituality in the Workplace.

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Linda is an author, speaker, coach, and consultant. Go to her website www.lindajferguson.com to read more about her work, view video clips of her talks, and find out more about her book “Path for Greatness: Spirituality at Work” The paperback version is available on Amazon. NOW AVAILABLE!!! the pdf version of Path for Greatness is available for download from her website. ALSO, Linda’s new book, “Staying Grounded in Shifting Sand” is now available on her website.

Delta Drops Fees, Learns Lesson

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Rigid rules lead to viral video crisis

Last month Delta Air Lines took a serious pounding to its already-tattered reputation when a YouTube video which featured shocked home bound soldiers commenting on the $200 fee they were charged for checking extra baggage (which contained government-issue weapons used to fight overseas, by the way) went viral.

Delta’s initial response was to apologize, but by simply giving lip service and refusing to actually make a change in policy, it only added fuel to the fire, creating more negative commentary and drawing harsh criticism from stakeholders. Finally, Delta saw the light and adjusted its policy to allow an additional free bag for troops, but the damage was done.

What should we learn from this? BCM President Jonathan Bernstein answered that question in an interview for the San Francisco Chronicle:

The lesson, said Jonathan Bernstein, president of Bernstein Crisis Management Inc., is that companies should let airline workers make decisions in the name of good customer service. In this case, the Delta employee who handled the fee was just following the rules of Delta Air Lines Inc.

“Then those situations never have to escalate into crises,” Bernstein said. “They (Delta) end up with a hit on their reputation that they could have avoided.”

Requiring special authorization for checking one extra bag is just plain over-bureaucratization. Flexibility is a hallmark of smart business models for good reason, and this should extend right down to those working the phones and customer service counters. With training, enabling your front-line representatives to make minor changes could save you from a major crisis.

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For more resources, see the Free Management Library topic: Crisis Management
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[Jonathan Bernstein is president of Bernstein Crisis Management, Inc. , an international crisis management consultancy, and author of Keeping the Wolves at Bay – Media Training.]

Getting that Sales Growth!

Getting that sales growth is all about keeping your eye on the ball. Just like Novak Djokovic did to win Wimbledon on Sunday.

So, the goal is growth. Your company has its strategy in place, and it’s a good one. There is value to customers, beyond competitors’.

Once that is defined, it is a matter of promoting the company to the target market, and ensuring the company delivers on the value to customers. No simple tasks.

And, it is critical to keep your eye on the ball, that is, on the market. Are market needs changing? Is the competition catching up? Then it is imperative to stay abreast of market trends, though it is better to set them. Of course, staying ahead of the competition is the only way to maintain differentiation.

Just look at Pepsi and Coca Cola. How much differentiation is there really?

Promoting effectively involves knowing where your customers are, and so, where to reach them. If this information is not immediately available, market research can help. Spending time with the market helps most here.

Ensuring the company delivers on the value is the complex internal task. How are you going to be sure those in the company know where the added value lies? And, how are you going to be sure everyone knows not only their role, but how important it is in achieving that value?

Think on it a little, and let me know. I’ll write more on this in the next blog.

For more resources, see the Library topic Business Development.

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Tove Rasmussen, of Partners Creating Wealth, offers business expertise worldwide to help organizations grow, and disadvantaged regions thrive.

Photo credit: Carine06

Are companies responsible for how countries use their products?

Hand holding an iPad with the words new product

The Wall St. Journal reported today that Western companies including Cisco Systems Inc. have been contracted to build an ambitious new surveillance project in China —a citywide network of as many as 500,000 cameras that officials say will prevent crime but that human- rights advocates warn could target political dissent.

Should companies be responsible for how countries use their products? Read on for a discussion of how being true to your principles is the only way to proceed…one way or another.

Make Good Decisions, Avoid Bad Consequences

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Have you made decisions that seemed right at the time, but did not turn out the way you expected?

In a coaching session with a manager, who was dealing with a setback, I asked what did she learn? She answered honestly and with some regret:

“I wanted it to happen so badly that I didn’t pay attention to the red flags that were right in front of me.”

How to Avoid Bad Consequences

Most of our setbacks are not due to bad circumstances but to bad decisions. We forget that a decision is an action that has consequences. It is a commitment of limited resources (time, money, reputation, manpower) that we can never get back. Here are three suggestions to help managers pause the action button, see the red flags and evaluate the potential problems.

1. Slow it down.
A quick decision isn’t always the best decision. Get in the habit of asking: Why do I (or we) have to make this decision right now? Who or what is pressuring us to take action and why? what would happen if we waited?
2. Let go.
This may be extremely difficult because many leaders want to be “in control”. Yet, your staff may be in a better position than you in understanding the facts and circumstances.
3. Get support.
Find a coach or colleague who can relate to your world. Ask yourself, “Who is able to fully comprehend the issues and stress I’m facing? Who can help me see this problem, the crisis, or the opportunity more clearly?”

Management Success Tip:

If you’re sitting on the fence about a major decision, take time to reflect and gain greater clarity. What kind of challenge or problem is it? How big is it? Is it worth my time and energy? What path seems right? What the worst, and the best possible, thing that could happen? Am I paying attention to the red flags that are waving at me? Am I ready to get off the fence? If yes, what’s next? If no, what do I need to get moving?

Do you want to develop your Management Smarts?

Portfolio Careers: That’s the Future

A-career-woman-raising-her-fist-as-a-sign-of-a-success.

portfolio careersThe trouble with the future is that it usually arrives before we’re ready for it.

Careers are evolving. What used to be success yesterday – joining a company or field, staying with it for most of your life and working your way up the ranks – will no longer be success for tomorrow. What will be success in the future is building a portfolio of meaningful, marketable experiences that you will sell to a variety of buyers. What a change!

This also means that successful careers are less about moving up the corporate ladder to moving around within your company; moving outside to other opportunities; and moving to become a free agent – working for a variety of employers.

Building a Portfolio Career

1. Re-frame your view of career success.
It’s moving from one of a series of upward positions to one of building a portfolio of experiences that will make you marketable to an increasing number of buyers who may be companies, consulting firms, contractors, consortium of professionals.

2. Review your career up to this point.
It doesn’t matter whether you have a couple of years under your best or whether you’ve been in the workforce for 10, twenty or even longer! You must consider the following questions.

  • What do you do now and how did you get here?
  • Are you doing the job in the field you imagined when graduating from college?
  • Is it the same job and/or in the same field you were in five years ago? 10 years ago?
  • How many different organizations have you worked for full time or on contract?
  • How many jobs have you had since you entered the workforce permanently?
  • What additional education (degree and professional) since leaving school?
  • Do you think this is your final stop? If not, what will it be?
  • What have you learned about your career?

3. Realize you must continually enhance your portfolio.
At the end of each year, whether you are looking for a new job or not, take the time to write or update your resume and compare it with last year’s. See if it has gotten noticeably better. See if it shows growth in a variety of skills, or growth in satisfied customers, or completed projects. If not, what do you need to do.

Career Success Tip:

The biggest mistake you can make is to believe you are working for somebody else. Job security is gone. The driving force of a successful career comes from YOU: your experiences, your skills, your network, your responsiveness to change. Remember: jobs are owned by the company, you own your career!

Do you want to develop Career Smarts?

Training by Toastmasters?

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This is both a training and a communication topic. A single question this time, but with a big impact and controversy. The question had to come up sooner or later–one that I was afraid I’d have to answer as a trainer and a speaker. Why Toastmasters, a great international organization that helps people learn public speaking and leadership skills, is not the place to learn how to conduct presentations or training for your business. Before we begin, this is not a piece promoting or disrespecting the work of Toastmasters. It is a discussion of the pros and cons.

Why this fits the training and communication category should be obvious. What is interesting is that as soon as this question was asked on LinkedIn, there was a storm of somewhat heated replies in both directions. For Toastmaster advocates, it may seem insulting to those who began learning with or are still with toastmasters today. For others who feel the organization, even with all of its more than 260,000 members is not the place to learn all there is about public speaking, that are many other options. While I agree with the latter that Toastmasters is not the place to learn it all, there is no place to learn it all. And there’s always more to an opinion.

Within such an organization, the competitions are fine for getting that adrenaline rush, but is it a sufficiently different environment to turn speaking practice into experience.

As trainers or speakers, the basics are the basics, only the approach and focus are different. Anyone or any organization that claims to have the best way to learn public speaking should know better. There are obviously many good programs out there, and some may not even resemble each other and are equally effective. Competition drives innovation and new ways of looking at things so let’s not knock the debate. The debate gets messy with some seeking to win the upper hand where there should be no winners. The debate’s result will ultimately help others.

It doesn’t matter where the basics come from. The best learning is always self-motivated and not propelled by others. There are no easy answers. There are good, better and maybe even best answers–but some may be more up to a specific task than others.

Toastmasters is a great hobby and a place to find help if you need the basics. It’s also a great support group and social group. It doesn’t work for everyone–especially those introverts, who don’t get energy being around others socially.

Public speaking, presenting or training is not a competition. The object is dynamic communication. Practice helps, but experience rules in the end.

Toastmasters is a place where a speakers or wannabe speakers can find like-minded individuals, learn about public speaking at their own pace, rub elbows with others, and thrive on their own time. It is social; so you have to appreciate that part of it. There are contests; so you have like competing or at least watching. Without competing though, you might lose the “training and practice” you need to develop a naturalness of delivery–essential in good communication. Within such an organization, the competitions are fine for getting that adrenaline rush, but is it a sufficiently different environment to turn speaking practice into experience. Public speaking, presenting or training is not a competition. The object is dynamic communication. Practice helps, but experience rules in the end.

I have judged speaking contests at Toastmasters, but that was before a rule I was just told about. Apparently now, even though I am an accomplished professional speaker and communicator as well as an educator in speech, that I wouldn’t be given that honor now unless I was a certified Toastmaster judge myself. There is something wrong here. Did I mention my graduate degree is in performance criticism, which means I also know how to talk with people about performance? I’m not a meanie just because I have “critic” attached to my occupation. “Critic” does not translate to attacker. That doesn’t mean I look only at negatives. Another blog maybe, but I won’t trash the Toastmaster organization; it encourages good communication skills–even if the group itself can’t always deliver them–because that depends on the group’s make-up itself.

I’m sure there are certificates and trophies for the best speakers and the best Toastmaster groups. I’m sure the groups have had a hand in helping many people become confident speakers and leaders in their communities; however, each group is only as good as its membership, which can vary greatly in experience and general education.

Toastmaster organizations are all over and are various sizes. Some, like a big city organization, will have a more sophisticated membership in terms of experience than one in a small town. That group may already have experienced speakers at many levels of expertise. One-size does not fit all.

What I learned about communicating I learned because I wanted to, not because someone told me how to do it. I learned what not to do as well by watching others.

Speakers and trainers compare the relatively inexpensive Toastmaster experience of paying thousands and not getting anything out of seminars or individuals claiming to have the ten things to make us great speakers. What about coaches? It seems these days, anyone who can make a buck speaking, thinks they can coach. They know what works for them. Maybe they do conduct classes in public speaking, or teleseminars as I talked about in my last post. Public Speaking 101 or something else. There is nothing wrong with PS 101 either; it depends on who is teaching it. Who inspires you? Who motivates you? They might be a Toastmaster, or not.

Public speaking and all the basics are available all over. Learn it wherever you learn it, practice it, observe what works, and ask questions. I didn’t learn all that I know about speaking in speech class. There was every other class I was in and every experience I had relating to the subject. There was every speaker or trainer I learned from and was impressed with. There were teachers. There were colleagues. There were Presidents. All role models–not professional speakers or coaches.

Any psychologists or sociologists at Toastmasters? Teachers? Trainers? Maybe. They all know something about communication. Education itself is about communication. You have to know about your world–what makes it tick–what makes people tick in order to communicate effectively.

What I learned about communicating I learned because I wanted to, not because someone told me how to do it. I learned what not to do as well by watching others. Toastmasters are doing a form of mentoring–mentoring speakers.

Just because someone is a professional actor or speaker doesn’t mean that person can teach me all I need to know.

There are good groups out there, good coaches, too; but I’m sorry, being a Toastmaster does not impress me–anymore than being a community theatre actor means you know the business of acting–even if you are a great actor. Nor does a professional actor immediately tell me that person can teach me all I need to know. That can be said of professional speakers, too. All groups are simply not created equal, but all can serve to help us be better communicators if we pay attention to the differences. Someone said that Toastmasters struck them as an organization for public speaking “amateurs,” while an organization like the National Speakers Association concerned itself with “professionals.” It is a valid analogy. I agree, to a point.

Because someone is a “professional” anything doesn’t mean he or she has the ability to transfer that knowledge and skill set to someone else. That’s why it’s important to interview a trainer or speaker and find out what they are about and see them in action if you can. A National Speakers Association member meets the standard for membership if they have been paid to speak and pay their dues–not if they are the the best. The best speakers and teachers may do it for free and never seek membership. In the same way, certification is only as good as the person who came out of the training. The certificate only indicates they completed a course of study.

A good trainer, coach or teacher can help someone learn by teaching them ways to learn and observe on just about any subject. They don’t have to be a subject-matter expert always. It’s helpful, but maybe just as helpful to learn it yourself by researching and asking key questions.

If we join the Rotary, the Masons, the Elks or any other social service organization, we can capitalize on the benefits of public speaking and leadership. Toastmasters is a little more specific in that it does focus on public speaking and leadership. I haven’t seen any claims that teaches the art of communication because I don’t think it goes that far. It stays with the basics and leaves the psychological, sociological and communication theory to others, opting instead for practical application. If I am a professional coach, speaker or trainer, I need to know more than practical application. I need to know what’s behind it so I can help my clients see the world as I do and connect.

I am a performance critic and I have to say the definition that most people think of makes a strong point for my case–that what a critic does or critique does is often thought of in simplistic terms in the eye of the beholder–especially if they have a certificate, a prestigious membership or are a member of an International organization called Toastmasters. In the eye of a critic it’s not so simple.

In my world, anyone can do an evaluation based on a set of criteria. The critique is more involved, more analytically and more helpful because it is presented the way a professional critic presents it. If we can put so many layers on or take layers off of a definition, why not a subject like public speaking, to make it anything we can sell appear valid. The idea should not be to come up with what to do or what not to do to be “the speaker you want to be,” but how can we help speakers arrive at that solution from within.

For more resources about training, see the Training library.

Sometimes opinion can be harsh, but I try not to be mean. I have my pet peeves, too. I also believe everyone has a right to one–even if they disagree with me. Feed free to comment on this post. Be professional. Contact me on my website, which has a few more opportunities to lob grenades or compliments at me on various topics. I won’t fight you; I may argue a bit–try to make a point–but please make yours, and I’ll see it gets heard, too. For a look at the human side of training from my Cave Man perspective, please check out my book, The Cave Man Guide to Training and Development. Happy training.

Effective Board Meetings

Business people in a board room meeting with a nice view of corporate buildings

Probably the most important procedure that the board will undertake is the board meeting. At this meeting members of the board obtain and exchange information from each other and from the executive team, establish the objectives of the organisations, take decisions on courses of action and investments, delegate authority to the management team, and jointly develop new ideas for strategy and value creation.

Board members have only three sources of information: their own personal inquiries, the reports and papers provided to them by the organisation and its contractors, and the information that they gather from the discussion and debate at their meetings. Only the last of these three sources is fully shared between all board members and it is this last information source that is the most powerful input to board decision-making.

It is very important that the board meeting allows effective communication and collective action and leaves everyone feeling positive, motivated, and productive. After a decision has been taken at a board meeting it is imperative that the board presents a sound consensus in all external forums.

Any questions or disagreements that may have come up during the discussion leading up to the decision must stay within the boardroom and must be treated as confidential.

Some boards may find this a difficult task. In those circumstances it is a good idea for board members to agree on a charter or a set of operating procedures to which they can all adhere. Other boards may find that they manage this behaviour without a requirement for such formal documents.

To ensure that the board meeting is productive the Chairman, assisted by the CEO, must plan thoroughly for each meeting, manage the meeting productively, and always see that all members participate as far as possible.

Each board must develop policies to cover the meeting processes. These policies should set out the time, place, and members of the board and executive who will attend the meetings. They should also list any external government or community advisers who may attend meetings, and the terms upon which they do so. The policy may also set out the frequency of meetings.

Some board members find it helpful to hold their meetings at different venues. This allows the board to develop a better appreciation of geographically diverse operations, or to develop stronger relationships with other stakeholder groups in whose offices they may choose to meet.

Each meeting should have an agenda designed to assist the flow of information and to support creative discussion by the board, covering issues of strategy, performance and compliance.

The agendas should be circulated before the meeting, and board members should from time to time be invited to suggest agenda items that they believe would add value. It is normal for the agenda to be circulated with a large amount of pre-reading so that the board members can prepare for an informed discussion.

The fact that the agenda comes with a large, possibly glossy bound, amount of laboriously prepared data does not mean that an individual director may not request a change after seeing it. Requests for changes are normally sent to the chairperson, but may, if your board’s policy allows, also be sent to the company secretary or any other nominated person.

The agenda may be prepared by the company secretary, the chairperson, the CEO, another designated board member, or a small team made up of any of the above.

Having an agreed agenda assists in the conduct of the meeting as everybody participating in the meeting knows what business has been completed and what business is still to come. This helps them to manage their time accordingly. The order in which items appear on the agenda may be chosen to suit the preference of that board. A typical board agenda may contain the following items:

  1. The title and purpose of the meeting.
  2. The date, time, and venue.
  3. Attendance and apologies.
  4. Presentation by invited guest speaker (if any).
  5. The minutes of the previous meeting.
  6. Matters arising from the previous meeting.
  7. The CEO’s report.
  8. The CFO’s report.
  9. Policy and strategic issues.
  10. Formal approval of matters brought to the board.
  11. Subcommittee reports.
  12. Government correspondence.
  13. Any other business.
  14. Date time and venue of the next meeting.
  15. Presentation by invited guest speaker (if any).

Some boards like to have strategic and open-ended discussions early in the agenda, so they are not cut short by time constraints. Others prefer to run through compliance and regular reporting before devoting time and analysis to open-ended questions.

Other considerations include the timing of presentations or “guest appearances” of non-board members who may have been invited to attend for one agenda item only. In the sample agenda above these guest appearances have been scheduled at the beginning or at the end of the meeting. In a full day meeting these may well be scheduled to coincide with a break or to allow conversation to take place informally over lunch.

By including a category titled “any other business” the board can discuss any items that are urgent or any matters that require a decision that cannot be scheduled to the next meeting and that came to the notice of the board or to the person preparing the agenda after the agenda had been finalised and issued.

It is a sign of problems on the board, if issues that were easily foreseeable before the agenda was prepared are discussed under this category, as it indicates of either a lack of forethought, or an attempt to “steamroller” a board into making decisions on issues for which they have not been provided with adequate background briefing information or time for reflection.

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Julie Garland-McLellan has been internationally acclaimed as a leading expert on board governance. See her website and LinkedIn profiles, and get her books Dilemmas, Dilemmas: Practical Case Studies for Company Directors and Presenting to Boards.

Want an Ace Team? Try a Virtual One!

A virtual team on a conference call

With the internet, skype and social media, the world is small. It used to be expensive to call friends in Denmark from North America, but now it is free to e-mail or skype. This makes a virtual, global team possible.

I suspect that many of the FML readers are solopreneurs, start ups and small businesses. During this business stage, there isn’t always enough work to hire one person for a function, such as marketing.

In the past, businesses hired the needed talent. Small businesses had a tough time attracting excellent talent. Now, in the age of technology, we can work with ready-made talent who is located at their own office. They may even be half-way around the world.

There are many search engine optimization firms, marketing consultants, PR firms, market research firms and so on. How do you know who to work with?

As always, trust is paramount. So, a referral from someone you know helps, and face-to-face meeting can often be needed initially. Evaluate the expert’s credentials. Then, start with small jobs, and see how they go before working on more critical tasks or making the arrangement more permanent.

Outsourcing goes beyond marketing. There are plenty of contract manufacturing firms, and research/development firms with concentrations of technical industries.

We all know that UPS has focused on being the supply chain partner to businesses. As I look around, the stationery store becomes an important supplier to office businesses, as do the DIY stores for contractors.

So, until the work becomes a full-time job or attracts the talent needed, build a virtual ace team!

For more resources, see the Library topic Business Development.

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Tove Rasmussen, of Partners Creating Wealth, offers business expertise worldwide to help organizations grow, and disadvantaged regions thrive.

Photo credit: Steve Cadman